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3 ml pen
Square Pharmaceuticals PLCProduct Description
## Indications & Pharmacology
* **Indications:** Type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes (uncontrolled by diet/oral agents), initial stabilization of diabetic emergencies (ketoacidosis, hyperosmolar non-ketotic syndrome), periods of stress (surgery/severe infections), and gestational diabetes.
* **Pharmacology:** Lowers blood glucose via cellular glucose uptake and inhibition of hepatic output. Half-life is a few minutes.
* **Action Profile (Subcutaneous):**
* **Onset:** Within 30 minutes.
* **Peak:** 1 to 3 hours.
* **Duration:** 18 to 24 hours.
## Dosage & Administration
* **Maintenance Dosage:** Type 1 average is **0.5 to 1.0 IU/Kg/day** (pre-pubertal: **0.7 to 1.0 IU/Kg/day**); Type 2 initial is often **0.3 to 0.6 IU/Kg/day**.
* **Timing:** Must be followed within **30 minutes** by a carbohydrate-containing meal or snack.
* **Injection Sites:** Subcutaneously in the abdominal wall (fastest absorption), thigh, gluteal, or deltoid region. Rotate sites within an area to prevent **lipodystrophy**.
* **Preparation:** Mix gently before use until uniformly white and cloudy (e.g., invert or roll cartridges at least 10–20 times). Do not use if clumps or frosted particles remain.
* **Technique:** Keep the needle under the skin for at least **6 seconds** to ensure full delivery, then remove immediately to prevent leakage.
## Safety, Interactions & Special Populations
* **Contraindications:** Hypoglycemia and hypersensitivity to human insulin or excipients.
* **Drug Interactions:**
* *Decreased requirements:* Oral hypoglycemic agents, MAOIs, non-selective beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors, salicylates, and alcohol.
* *Increased requirements:* Thiazides, glucocorticoids, thyroid hormones, beta-sympathomimetics, growth hormone, and danazol.
* **Pregnancy & Lactation:** Safe to use (insulin does not cross the placenta); requirements typically drop in the first trimester and rise in the second/third. No risk to nursing infants.
* **Side Effects:** Hypoglycemia is the most frequent. Others include lipodystrophy, transient edema upon initiation, and potential life-threatening generalized hypersensitivity.
## Overdose & Storage
* **Overdose/Hypoglycemia Management:**
* *Mild:* Oral glucose or sugary products.
* *Severe (unconscious):* Glucagon (**0.5 to 1 mg**) IM/SC or IV glucose administered by a professional.
* **Storage Conditions:** Store unused insulin in a refrigerator between **2°C and 8°C** protected from light and heat. Never freeze. Once in use, store below **25°C for up to 6 weeks** or below **30°C for up to 4 weeks** (do not refrigerate in-use cartridges).
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*Always consult a registered physician before starting, stopping, or modifying any medication.*
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