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Drug International LtdProduct Description
**Active Composition & Class**
* **Active Ingredient:** Empagliflozin
* **Therapeutic Class:** Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) Inhibitors
**Indications**
* Improvement of glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (as an adjunct to diet and exercise).
* Reduction of cardiovascular death risk in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus and established cardiovascular disease.
**Mechanism of Action**
* Inhibits the SGLT2 co-transporter in the kidneys, reducing glucose reabsorption and lowering the renal glucose threshold. This increases urinary glucose excretion, helps lower blood sugar, supports weight loss, and reduces blood pressure.
**Dosage & Administration**
* **Standard Starting Dose:** 10 mg once daily, taken in the morning with or without food.
* **Dose Escalation:** May be increased to 25 mg once daily in patients who tolerate the 10 mg dose well and require further control.
* **Pre-initiation:** Fluid volume depletion should be corrected prior to starting treatment. Take strictly under a registered doctor's advice.
**Contraindications & Warnings**
* **Contraindications:** Severe renal impairment, end-stage renal disease (ESRD), dialysis, or a history of serious hypersensitivity to Empagliflozin.
* **Renal Function:** Assess renal function prior to starting and periodically during treatment. Do not initiate in patients with an eGFR less than 45 mL/min/1.73 $\text{m}^2$.
* **Dehydration & Hypotension:** Can cause volume depletion and increased urination; maintain proper hydration.
**Side Effects & Interactions**
* **Common Side Effects:** Urinary tract infections (UTIs), female genital mycotic infections, dehydration, hypotension, weakness, dizziness, and increased thirst.
* **Drug Interactions:**
* **Diuretics:** Concurrent use increases urine volume and dehydration risk.
* **Insulin / Insulin Secretagogues:** Increases the risk of hypoglycemia (low blood sugar).
* **Monitoring Interference:** Urine glucose testing and 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) assays are unreliable while taking SGLT2 inhibitors; use standard blood glucose monitoring instead.
**Pregnancy, Lactation & Storage**
* **Pregnancy & Lactation:** Unsafe/not recommended during pregnancy or breastfeeding unless explicitly directed by a physician after weighing risks and benefits.
* **Storage:** Store below 30°C in a cool, dry place, protected from light and moisture. Keep out of reach of children.
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